Kate Chopin and How the Feminist Movement Inspired Her...

Kate Chopin and How the Feminist Movement Inspired Her Writings Kate Chopin was an American author who wrote novels as well as short stories. Her work was extraordinary and some of her greatest work was based on the feminist movement. Kate Chopin became known throughout the world as one of the most influential writers during the feminist movement. She has attracted great attention from scholars along with students, and her work has been translated into many different languages. Kate Chopin was born February 8, 1851 in St. Louis. Her father was an Irish merchant and her mother was the daughter of an old French family. Chopin’s early fluency was with French and English, and her roots in two different cultures were important throughout†¦show more content†¦Because of her childhood of being raised in an all-woman household it helped mold her feministic personality and view on life with love, faith, strength, kindness, independence, and generosity (Toth, Emily). As Kate became older she met Oscar Chopin a business man who she fell in love with and later at the age of 20 years old were married. Kate’s behaviors, like smoking cigarettes and walking through the city unaccompanied frequently shocked her conservative in laws and this streak of independence however did not bother her husband. Kate later gave birth to five sons and a daughter. Motherhood quickly played into her life as well as societal restraints on women and as she lived persona l experiences with this, she began to write books about women’s daily life and fictional writing on how it could be in a women’s way. In 1879, Oscar Chopin’s money lending business was in deep trouble due to financial instability. The family moved to Coulterville, Louisiana where Oscar ran a general store. Kate Chopin’s sophisticated behavior and dress style inspired gossip in the closely knit town. Her husband, worn down by financial worries, died in 1882 with malaria, leaving Kate with an outstanding debt of $12,000 and six children to raise alone. Despite everything that Kate was going through she decided to manage Oscar’s businessesShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour Essay2013 Words   |  9 Pages Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a story that happens in one hour and it presents how women were viewed in the nineteenth century. The story is about a woman named Louis Mallard, who just received news that her husband has died in a train wreck. Kate Chopin is a modernist and feminist writer of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Kate Chopin has a similar life to the character in this novel because she lived through the women’s suffrage movement and her husband died at a young age. KateRead MoreThe Life and Works of Kate Chopin1569 Words   |  6 PagesKate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the conflict between the social traditional requirementsRead MoreEssay on Women Authors of the 19th Century3166 Words   |  13 Pagesthrough their writings. They helped to change society, perhaps without knowing it, through poetry, novels, and articles. Emily Dickinson, Harriet Jacobs, Kate Chopin, Louisa May Alcott, and Elizabeth Oakes Smith are the best-known controversial and expressive women authors of their time. On December 10, 1830 a poet was born. When Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, no one knew that she was to become the most well known woman poet of all time. She loved her family deeply. Her father wasRead MoreFeminism During 19th Century American Short Stories4097 Words   |  17 Pagesperiod Feminism in Late 19th Century American Short Stories Research Question: How is feminism revealed through the divergence of women’s roles in society and their own personal desires in the American short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†? Introduction Literature changes as current events change and as the structure of society begins to shift. American feminist literature started to become prevalent during the Victorian era, or aroundRead MoreKate Chopin And Jane Austin Feminism1881 Words   |  8 PagesSince the first real forms of feminist expression came about, it has and will remain a topic of serious discussion and debate. However, thanks to women like Kate Chopin and Jane Austin feminism was able to reach a much larger crowd and project its message on to more than just its few basic closet followers. Throughout the Victorian era, many women began to question their place in this world. Self-expression became a more common thing among women and thus works of literature and art such as The AwakeningRead More Women’s Self-Discovery During Late American Romanticism / Early Realism3300 Words   |  14 Pagesand talented women. Although these women writers have been established for sometime their status of contributions to society has only been recognized way too late. During the late romantic/early realism period numerous women found success in writing despite the fact that they may have encountered numerous obstacles in their path. The characters these women wrote about almost have a kinship with themselves bringing out certain personality traits not seen written about women before. From theseRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Harriet Beecher Stowe1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper is a feminist piece of literature that analyzed women’s struggle in the 1900s, such as medical diagnosis and women’s roles. Over the years, women struggled to attain independence and freedom. In order to achieve these liberties, they were females who paved the way and spoke out about these issues to secure equal rights for women. In addition, these powerful females used their vulnerability to challenge the male domination through their literary work. The Yellow Wallpaper is a

Friday Mourning By Kathy Reichs - 1549 Words

Monday Mourning by Kathy Reichs is a crime fiction book, where, a forensic anthropologist, Temperance Brennan tries to unveil the identity of three skeletons that were found in the basement of a pizza parlor in Montreal, Canada. Brennan works with homicide detectives Luc Claudel and his partner, Michel Charbonneau, and Andrew Ryan, who is also her lover. Throughout the book, both Brennan and Claudel doubted each other’s competence to solve the case. According to Brennan institution, she believes that the three skeletons might be recent, however, Claudel speculates it to be century old due to findings of three antique buttons near their bodies. As a result, Claudel puts very little effort in this case, whereas, Brennan is determined to identify the year of death so to validate her inspection and to drew attention of Claudel and her other colleagues to this case. In the process of solving this investigation, she finds herself dragged to other homicides that were affiliated with the three skeleton remains. As a forensic anthropologist, Brennan main focus is to assist law enforcement agencies with her knowledge to inspect skeletons. Her main motive in this case was to determine individual s age, sex, time of death, and physical condition from their skeleton remains. It is extremely crucial that Brennan diagnoses the skeleton remains accurately, as the legal investigation greatly depends on it. Brennan refers to multiple biological anthropology methods while she was assessing

Operations Management and Decision Making Models

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management and Decision Making Models. Answer: Introduction: The service sector has experienced a surge in popularity in the past years, and more economies are putting more focus on these areas because they see a lot of benefit in doing so. For this reason, companies have had to come up with strategies to change the way they operate to accommodate these recent changes and growth. This essay will show the reasons why the service economy is growing and also what can be done to help it along. One reason is that the manufacturing sector, which was providing employment to a large number of the worlds population, experienced a plummet in numbers with the recession. This lead to closing down of many of the factories and a lot of people lost their source of income; thisleads to a need for employment. The service sector had openings, and thus this gave an answer to the many unemployed individuals hence this service area increased in popularity (Spohrer and Maglio, 2012) Also, individuals can get employment in these industries with little or no experience needed. It is quite attractive to the worlds population as it ensures everyone can get employed without so much fuss and also the poor can get applied as quickly. Regarding training and schools, they take a short period to get certified in this industry hence most people prefer this to the other option which cost more to train than they kind of pay they offer. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright, 2014) More people are starting to need the services that the service industry provides. With the growing number of people getting money, they require these services to live a particular lifestyle. It is where this industry comes in, people specialize in these services, and they can competitively give it to paying customers. Hence this will lead to increasing the need for it to serve the clients who request it. It is because where there is a need, a solution should be given to answer the said need. (Lovelock, 2011) Some of the ways that businesses can respond to this surge include the following. First, they can increase the amount of money given to developing the service industry within their organization. It will ensure that whatever need is there to make sure that the service side succeeds is accessible financially without any problems. When this is done, it will make sure that this endeavor is successful. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright, 2014) Business should partner with local governments to come up with policies that help out when one is setting up firms that are in the service sector. It will make sure that the process is smooth hence more companieswill be established ensuring economic growth. Also, these local authorities can come up with financial strategies; thesewill make sure that the financial sector can give sustainable services without any constraints especially the money side of it. (Chandler, Hikino and Chandler, 2013) Finally, they can encourage the partnership between the private and public sector. It will ensure that these ventures are successful always because both industries have advantages they bring to the table. (Chandler, Hikino and Chandler, 2013) Conclusively, the service sector is profitable to the economies of the countries which encourage it; this will lead to more countries adapting them to improve their economies. When the changes are tailored to the operation management, it will make the service industry to thrive more. Globalization is the incorporation of the planet's people, corporations, and government. In the contemporary meaning, it is usuallybecause of tighter ties due to universal trade, referred to as bilateral business deals. It can also be explained as the changing of an organization from a company linked to one country to one that does business. Operation management concentrates on managing the procedures to manufacture and supply merchandises and services carefully. Chief General Undertakings mostly consist of creating of products, development, production and distribution. (Scott, 2013) This essay will tackle how operation management is affected when businesses are globalized. These impacts are both negative and positive. Global sourcing is where companies have the ability to get workers from different parts of the world with ease. It can generate a vasttalent pool for companies they have access to skillsthat they may not be able to get from their locality. Though the global sourcing is puts into use, the company will be at a greater risk of facing data loss which would not happen when they use local supplies (Lasserre, 2012.) Specialization is the chief benefit of Economies of scale when the business makes a decision to grow; It is more realistic to sub-divide the procedures of the trade, which leads to an upsurge of the general productivity of the employees and the organization. If the trade overgrows the functions of administration will grow leading to complexities in the communication process hence affecting the productivity of the company adversely. (Scott, 2013) Scanning and learning help a trade to have an understanding and be adaptable when a matter arises. Others who operate in comparable circumstances have knowledge which will help the company to know how to respond to situations that they may not have considered previously. If a company makes a choice to learn from businesseswhich suffered similar fateswith their strategies which they might repeat and endure more losses (Hill,Cronk, and Wickramasekera, 2013) Research and development benefit businesses by offering the consumer what they have not previously seen if they manufacture a good which they desire highly it can lead to an in a surge in sales. Although a corporation can have a growth in profits when they make use of research and development; the price tag of the investigation and development is quite high. If a business makes a choiceto carry out research either with another company or with current workers can each be expensive undertakings (Crane and Matten, 2016.) Also, it leads to technological advancements in the business field. With globalization, it ensures that businesses are up to date with recent technical improvements that have been made. Thus the businesses will be able to keep up with competition. It will affect operations in that it will make it more efficient and faster hence in the long run leading to profits. After considering all facts, I have concluded that globalization affects operation management in so many ways but in the long-term, it is more beneficial to companies for it to exist. It is a known fact which will lead to increased globalization and international trade. Right now most manufacturing operations are being carried out in low labor cost nations. It is due to several reasons which are beneficial to the companies. These reasons are why it is more probable that this trend of moving the production of goods to these countries with affordable wages for the paying workers. The following are reasons are why this is an inevitable happening. First is most companies prefer outsourcing because it reduces operational and works expenses. When correctly done it has a significant influence on a business income acknowledgment and can give impactful profits. When there is a possibility to increase profits while at the same time reducing expenses companies will always go for this option because it is economically wise. Another reason is the companies will get an opportunity to focus on the important going on of companies while handing out the tasks like manufacturing goods to these other places. This point will lead to an increase in efficient work done by companies because they have less work and everyone will specialize in the area they have been given. All in all, this ensures there are smooth operations (Bartsch,Riefler,and Diamantopoulos, 2016) When companies offshore some of their business processes, they enable the management to make more internal resources free to be put to use in other areas which require more of it. It will ensure that these services are improved. Thus it attracts companies to outsource as it ensures profitability and also that there are no problems with resource availability (Hax,2012) It also helps the companies to have access to a typical size of knowledge about the business. With the knowledge gained from these countries, they will be able to keep up with the competition. It will lead to this trend because the more the companies outsource, the more knowledge the companies will gain on the different market trends hence leading to a wealth of information. It will ensure profitability (Georgiadis and Mehl, 2015) Another factor is that there will be an increase in productivity. It is because, with outsourcing and specialization, it ensures that goods for manufacturing are done in bulk and well enough. With speed in the production of these products, most companies will prefer to hand out the manufacturing operations to these low-costlabor nations. It is because it is a safe and wise economic option (Buckley and Casson, 2016) Outsourcing also enables companies to expand to new markets that they might not have been able to access in the past due to various reasons. When countries see the profit from these big companies setting up in their countries, they are open to trading with them hence increasing earnings for them. It is a beneficialstate for all parties involved (Buckley and Casson, 2016) In conclusion, eventually most if not all organizations will move their manufacturing operations to these countries with littlelabor cost because it will ensure profitability. It is a fact as most companies operate on what will bring more earnings to them. When Britain left the European Union, it had several effects on the administration of the world of its operations some of them include the following. The rush to get to a safe place away from the center of this British-EU separation will take away capital from the zone and direct it to the secure primary markets counting the U.S. mainly Treasuries also to Japan. It will additionally reduce market income tariffs and increase corresponding money values (Gumbrell-McCormick, and Hyman, 2017) The more value that U.S. dollar and Japanese yen have the more adverse effects it will have to both countries export divisions. For the instance of Japan, this is exceptionally not helpful to its attempts to reinflate and revive the economy after the extended period of it deflating. When the value of the US dollar is high, it also causes more coercement to China to offer the Yuanat a lower value, as they wedgein the deviation between its two biggest trade markets that is the U.S. and the E.U (Dhingra, Ottaviano, Sampson, and Van Reenen, 2016). The U.S. get negative impacts in the exports sector which are comparatively small paralleled with the developments in local need, but the deflationary strain on goods that they trade and with will broaden the separation between rationally great increases in the services area versus the realistically steady decrease in the products sector. (Oliver and Williams, 2016) It will compel the European Central Bank to elevate its level of involvement while also, as hazard premiums through the area expense increase. Amongst the significant Euro zone participants, Italy is in a particularly sensitive spotwhich has now been made more exposed. (Oliver and Williams, 2016) The US isolationist policies will also impact the global management of operations in so many ways both negative and positive. Some of the ways include the following. First, it is not good for the businesses because it will lead to a loss of talent in the US and also no jobs for the talent from the countries who they ban from immigrating to the US. Most of the companies there employ people from the countries facing the prohibition and thus with the cut off of the people coming from these countries it will lead to a decrease in productivity hence leading to losses. (Posen, and Ross 2012) Another way is with these policies other countries will step up and fill the gap left by the US. Countries like China will make atrade with other countries leading to improvement in the economy of China. Thus this will reduce the number of industries in the US since there is no market for their goods. The reason for this is countries will not want to trade with a country not favorable for their economy (Posen, and Ross 2012) In conclusion, both events have impacted the global operations management significantly in so many ways, and this essay has shown some of the consequences in detail. I believe that the adverse effects outweigh the benefits to the Britain and USA while it has more benefits to the rest of the world. References Bartsch, F., Riefler, P. and Diamantopoulos, A., 2016. A taxonomy and review of positive consumer dispositions toward foreign countries and globalization. Journal of International Marketing, 24(1), pp.82-110. Buckley, P.J.,and Casson, M., 2016. The future of the multinational enterprise. Springer. Chandler, A.D., Hikino, T.,and Chandler, A.D., 2013. Scale and scope: The dynamics of industrial capitalism. Harvard University Press. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business Ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G., Sampson, T. and Van Reenen, J., 2016. The impact of Brexit on foreign investment in the UK.BREXIT 2016, p.24. Georgiadis, G. and Mehl, A., 2015. Trilemma, not dilemma: financial globalization and Monetary policy effectiveness. Gumbrell-McCormick, R. and Hyman, R., 2017. What about the workers? The implications of Brexit for British and European labor. Competition Change, p.1024529417698514. Hax, H., 2012. Effects of Globalization on National Financial. Globalization and Regional Dynamics: East Asia and the European Union from the Japanese and the German Perspective, p.235. Hill, C.W., Cronk, T. and Wickramasekera, R., 2013. Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Lasserre, P., 2012. Global strategic management. Palgrave Macmillan. Lovelock, C., 2011. Services Marketing, 7/e. Pearson Education India. Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M., 2014. Human ResourceManagement: Gaining a competitive advantage. Oliver, T. and Williams, M.J., 2016. Special relationships in flux: Brexit and the future of the USEU, and the USUK relationships. International Affairs, 92(3), pp.547-567. Posen, B.R.,and Ross, A.L., 2012. Competing visions for US grand strategy. Scott, A. ed., 2013. The limits of globalization. Routledge. Spohrer, J. and Maglio, P.P., 2012. The emergence of service science: Toward systematic service, innovations to accelerate co?creation of value.Production and operations management, 17(3), pp.238-246.

Perceptions of Bankers and Researchers

Question: Discuss about the Perceptions of Bankers and Researchers. Answer: Introduction According to the Bank for the International Settlements, the ANZ bank has been suffering from the credit risk, which is difficult to meet the obligations of the borrowers in accordance to the agreed terms. As opined by Chakraborty Sen (2016), credit risk is caused due to the loans, trade financing, interbank transactions, foreign exchange transactions etc. This study is helpful to identify the international risks, which are suffering by the ANZ bank and how these risks would be mitigated would also be highlighted. It can be observed that the return on equity of ANZ bank of Australia has been decreased by 0.4 per cent. In addition, net interest would also decrease by 2.03 per cent since March 2008. As per the statement of Tonzer (2015), due to lower rate of interest, government of the country would intent on the reversing deficits. As a result, the resource sector and the shaky employment growth would push the debts in a different approach. In order to mitigate this risk, the regulators are willing to increase the volume of capital, which are needed to hold on mortgages. On the other hand, it can be also suggested that the regulators also require to put a break on the investor loan growth. This refers that the revenue development is going to be difficult to come by. Oet et al., (2013) opined that the borrowers would be able to maintain the repayment amounts as the rate of interest decrease, it would cut the loan growth. On the other hand, the ANZ bank would be able to earn interests. In addition, it can be seen that the ratio of cost to income would flat in the half of the year. In this context, it can be stated that the shareholders of the bank would require to continue to spend on the technology in order to new consumers and also defend against the digital upstarts at the level of higher profitability. On the contrary, Van Greuning Bratanovic (2016) argued that the pay off would come later. Furthermore, it can be mentioned that as capital is increasing and reducing the bank leverage on mortgages, therefore the amount of profitability and the capacity to distribute to the consumers would be at lower rate of interest. In addition, it can be also stated that the dividends of the shareholders would also decrease. In order to mitigate the risks, the risk management department of ANZ bank would require to monitor, control and also measure the mentioned risks. On the other hand, the risk management department helps to the bank authority by estimating the present portfolio risks of assets, loans, liabilities or the exposures. Conclusion After the analysis, it can be observed that the ANZ bank of Australia has been suffering from credit risk and operational risk. After identify the risks, this study is benefitted to discuss how the risks would be reduced with the help of risk management authority of ANZ bank. References Chakraborty, T., Sen, S. (2016). Perceptions of Bankers and Researchers Towards Effectiveness of Basel Norms in Banking Risk Management: A Survey. Oet, M. V., Bianco, T., Gramlich, D., Ong, S. J. (2013). SAFE: An early warning system for systemic banking risk.Journal of Banking Finance,37(11), 4510-4533 Tonzer, L. (2015). Cross-border interbank networks, banking risk and contagion.Journal of Financial Stability,18, 19-32. Van Greuning, H., Bratanovic, S. B. (2016).Analyzing and managing banking risk-a framework for assessing corporate governance and financial risk.

Adam Powell free essay sample

One of the most powerful and influential civil rights leaders in American history, Adam Clayton Powell was one of the pioneering men ever to be advocates of African-American rights in the 20th century. He was also a Baptist minister and the first African-American Congressman from New York (Haskins 1974, 24). Powell was born Adam Clayton Powell Jr. on the 29th of November 1908 in New Haven Connecticut to Adam Sr. who was a Baptist minister and real estate businessman (Ragsdale and Treese 1996, 113) . When Powell was only 15 years old, he enlisted and joined the African Nationalist Power Movement of the then-famous African American rights leader, Marcus Garvey. In 1926, the younger Powell commenced his tertiary studies at Colgate University where he earned his A.B. in 1930 and a year later he earned his M.A. at Columbia University, in religious education. With regards to Powell’s ministerial career, he was named successor of Adam Powell Sr. We will write a custom essay sample on Adam Powell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page as the senior pastor of Harlem’s Abyssinian Baptist Church. But even before his appointment, Powell, thereafter graduating from Colgate, had initiated the fight for civil rights equality, as he had precipitated the fight of African Americans during the Depression, fighting for the equality in jobs, decent housing and racial discrimination and segregation; his stand was seemingly aggravated because at that time, the Great Depression was at its pinnacle. One among his famous fights was against the refusal of commercial giants like Bell Telephone to hire African-American employees. Powell initiated mass meetings, rent strikes, boycotts of public transportation, to further forward the grievances of the African American community regarding mistreatment and prejudice and to urge the hiring of African Americans in transit companies. At the worst, Powell criticized the administration for its difference concerning civil rights (Luker et al. 1993, 423). His cause was only bolstered by his election to the New York City Council in 1941 (Zelizer 2004, 563), where he resumed his fight to provide fellow African-Americans with decent living and fend off destituteness. The latter malady was he was the staunchest adversary of, for the well-known soup kitchen in Harlem was the epitome of his concern; it helped cloth thousands of impoverished Harlem blacks (Wintz and Finkelman 2004, 991). The almost holy presence of Adam Clayton Powell in the lives of unfortunate was somewhat cemented when he was elected into Congress, the first African American to do so since William Dawson represented Chicago. Even when Powell was already Congressman he was not immune from racism even in Congress, as he was treated as if he were not a man of position who commanded respect and courtesy. Powell was astounded but provoked when he was initially prohibited to use public amenities in the House of Representatives. During the course of his Congressional term, Powell frequently challenged Southern advocates of racial segregation to debates. In the facet of segregation, Powell toiled for the abolition of it in the United States Military. Moreover, he initiated moves to convince the senate to outlaw Jim Crow laws within American jurisdiction. Later in his public service career and after nearly two decades in Congress, Powell was again doing the American people a service as he was named the chair of the Education and Labor Committee (Ragsdale and Tresse 1996, 115). While in office, he pushed for the increases of the minimum wage, special education for the physically handicapped as well as the improvement of the quality of primary and secondary education. As the 1960’s inched, Powell was instrumental in the implementation of social programs for the disadvantaged of Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, the â€Å"New Frontier† and the â€Å"Great Society†, respectively.   But on a large scale, the â€Å"Powell Amendment† was by far his most important contribution, as it called for the stop of the flow of federal funds to organizations practicing racial discrimination. Summing up the great life his great life, Powell merely wanted African Americans to be reborn (Powell 1945, 57).

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good Writing Excuses: 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good We all make writing excuses for various reasons and it slows down our progress for writing a bookPublilius Syrus once claimed: Every vice has its excuse ready. And writing is no different.In this article, we will uncover the kind of excuses we make and provide you tips on how to overcome your writing excuses.So stay put! Learn. Practice. And soar.Here are our tips for how to overcome writing excuses:Find your voiceAvoid the non-native speaker debateDevelop a writing habitCut back on social mediaDont procrastinateStop fearing the fallDisability is not inabilityStrive for progressGet rid of writers blockNOTE: Want to learn how to not only publish a book, but do so in a way that sets your book up for long-term success? We teach exactly that in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhat causes writing excuses?There are a plethora of reasons writers give for letting excuses take over their work.Sure, some are the real-life instances you may connect with, and others are cheesy ideas saved in your head.You are likely to find reasons like toddler trouble, age, illness, time, little knowledge, to creativity blocks still making headlines in the writing community as the biggest launchers to writing excuses.But do you know what? Only you can let go of all excuses- and we at Self-Publishing School are here to help you along the way. The common excuses which prevent us from writing or self-publishing: Im not a native English speaker, can I still write? What is the right age if you want to self publish? I am 14 years old; do I stand a chance? Writers block (which we cover solutions to below) I am still learning how to write. I have little vocabulary knowledge: what should I do first to be a writer? Life problems/disability. Waiting for the perfect time to write. Looking for good writing tips. Fear of failing or falling. Looking for a book genre or how to start a story. Laryngitis. I want to write a script; what should I do first? Ill do it later.How to over come writing excuses with easeThe late Great Louis La Moore, the prolific author of over 100 books, once said he could write on a busy street corner: that was years back where authors used a pen, a paper, or a typewriter to create text.Imagine the benefits you can add to your writing in this era of the iPhone, tablets, and cloud apps that allow you to write on the go? First.#1 Find your voiceUsually, we learn writing by imitation: but no matter how you view it, Laryngitis will only add poison to your book.I know you may love how JK Rowlings writes or Neil Patels variety, but I can tell you that drifting away from your voice will be a bane to your book.How?Remember the creativity slowdown I mentioned earlier?When the author completes his piece, you are blank, with no ideas for your essay. You have nothing fresh to add after you finish comparing your writing to the author you are reading.The magic to fighting ensuing excuse from Laryngitis is finding your voice in writing. But thats only half of it.Here are other kick-butt methods to find your writing voice:Writing more every day.Write your draft freely without editing or looking at another persons work.Write and research later: or research but take a break before you engage in the writing process.Plot all your plans for writing a novel and ideas on some paper or notebook whenever they pop.Read more from different authors, publications, and manuscripts.Get creative with your work or content.Write with the buyer persona in mind.Get laser-focused with your writing or content by selecting a niche and a language.#2 Avoid the native/non-native English speaking debateClient: Native English speakers only.Writer: But I am not native!I hear this phrase a lot in the writing community, especially from clients who want their book/content written by Anglophone writers.But frankly speaking, I have never understood the debate or the relationship between native and non-native speaking to writing unless one is writing on relig ion, culture, cuisine, or destinations nuance.What should you do then if you are not a native English speaker?Many great writers are native English speakers. However, writing should not only be in the English language but in other languages too! And being a native does not equal writing well.Here is how to win this debate: You can write in your native language and use a service like Google translate to translate phrases and words to other languages.If you want to focus on English, read English books, the dictionary, thesaurus, and journals on the niche you want to write.Practice writing in the English language.Watch English films and movies (not the Housewives thing).Stop using autocorrect while writing.Invest in your education, learning the language.Use online writing assistants like Hemingway editor to bring clarity in your writing.You can also seek inspiration from the likes of Prof Ngugi Wa Thiong and Chinua Achebe who are not native English speakers yet, have published books in the English language and even received international accords for their persuasive writing.#3 Develop a writing habit and strategyPlanning is a necessary process in any persons life not only for corporates but writers too.If you do not plan, you plan to make writing excuses! It is that simple.The building blocks you create in the planning process will inspire you to reach your goal of completing that book. It will help you avoid replacing writing with watching The Game of Thrones, buying groceries, browsing for advice and settling toddlers or cat mischief and excuses.Tip on making a successful plan:Designate a specific time for writing and reading.Set targets.Push yourself.Create a content calendar and a place where you find writing prompts or exercise to kill writers block.Test your progress after a week or a month.Make a list of what you want to achieve. It can be in sticky notes on a wall or laptop for affirmation.Set reminders to give you the push and inform you when its time to do groceries, shopping, or writing.Create realist goals on the number of words you want to write in a day. For me, I love using 750 words.com for setting and achieving my daily writing goals.Here too are our favorite writing software you can use in planning, time management, improve productivity, and kill those writing excuses:Chrome Plus Time Tracking AppToogllWunderlistGoogle calendarCoffitivityFocusMateEvernote#4 Use social media lessHow often do you use social media? Once a week? A day? Every minute?It is true social media has got a tremendous influence and opportunities these days. It has created jobs, made communication, information, and knowledge more manageable. But it has also contributed to time and resource wastage not forgetting making the world louder.Studies show on average; we spend close to three hours every day on social media slacking off watching memes or viral content yet, we could use this time to improve on our writing skills.Take, for example. You take an hour to write 1,000 words. You could reduce the number of hours you spend on social media to two, and the other on writing.Social media is also not just a place for watching memes, but thankfully, a platform to develop writing habits. You can write on LinkedIn writing, Tumblr, or even Facebook as you connect with friends and family.Other ways to get over being hooked on social media:Turning off notifications so you can concentrate on writing.Use an app like Zen writing app or the ones mentioned in #3, which keep track of what you do.Write before you engage in another activity. This will make you want to write faster since you want to move to the next commitment.Let your desire for writing be numero uno.Make the environment conducive for writing.Join writing groups like the Self-Publishing School Mastermind Community: an excellent place to find inspiration from those who share or overcome similar challenges and excuses.How to succeed in writing groups to get over writing excuses:Joi n relevant writing groups worth your time.Connect with authors and publishers through personal chats for advice and inspiration on places such as Scribophile.com or professional associations for writers and editors.Ask only relevant questions and be on point to get the most answers out of your questions.Build a rapport.Connect, network, and engage in each case.Never let social media take charge of your life.Take advantage of its hidden gem and use social platforms as an inspiration to arouse your creativity and bring back your writing mojo.#5 -Avoid procrastinationIf its not easy to start, it will be hell to finish. -  Niklas GÃ ¶keProcrastination is the biggest thief of creativity, progress, and success. It is an enemy you must conquer at all cost.Whatever it is that you may not want to write now, stop waiting for the right time, age, or when the right resources are available to start.Today, the community has got many great resources. You can write on your phone, table t, or a pocketbook. You can also use platforms like LinkedIn, Medium, or Tumblr to share your stories: or use a tool like Jami Gold Save to plan your novel if you are starting in this art.Remember also the Great Louis La Moore words on being able to write on any busy street corner.Any place, any time is an opportunity to write: not procrastinate.Note: For your writing to work, you need to be in the writing factory and not embrace the excuse factory.#6 Dont fear to fallThere is a lot that goes into self-publishing a book: drafts, outlines, revisions, finding a publishing company and eventually marketing and selling to the public who receives it with mixed reactions.Guess what happens during all this process?Frustrations, name shaming, trolls, in-your-face insults, and horrible reviews with straight-up lies.If this has been the case, keep the fire burning and kill the negative energy in this way:Make a list of all the life lesson and use them for motivation if you lack the inspirati on.Keep a list of your favorite motivational quotes.Take Sir Richard Bransons offer challenging readers to write letters to their younger self how to navigate life.Make a list of your habits positive and negative.Write of your failures and how you plan to succeed.Have faith which gives powers and action to thoughts. Most people develop excuses because they do not have faith in their writing.Finally, keep in mind that success waits on the other side of failure.#7 Disability is not inabilityAre you struggling with specific challenges in life? Maybe an illness, marital problems, family issues, anxiety, low mood, spouse abuse, or low self-esteem?Life has a unique way of furnishing us with problems- a thing the Bible captures: but it encourages us to overcome our challenges in a unique way.2 Corinthians 4:8-9: We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed.You may struggle with whatever challenges life throws at you, but do not turn them into writing excuses.Remember, excuses thrive well where problems exist. The many times you count the troubles you are experiencing, the more you will use them as a reason for not completing your book.To tow you out of the excuse mode, look up these five authors who succeeded in this art despite disabilities.Peter WinklerOctavia E. ButlerChristy BrownJean-Dominique BaubyFyodor DostoyevskyI also wish to encourage you to:Write a memoir or a biography, or on the challenges, you are experiencing.Write about your failures and shortcomings and how you plan to undo them.Find a mentor in writing groups, writing conferences, and co-working space.Ask an able sister, friend, or family member to assist where necessary.Use technology, especially those for voice, motion, and creativity.#8 Strive for progress, not perfectionWhen I started writing, I struggled to produce a well-polished draft. I hated rewrites and self-editing made me want to ram my head into a wall.But with time, I allowed myself to be scrappy.I realized that giving it all in my drafts held my back: it pushed me into the rabbit hole of procrastination, fear and made me look inept.You may aspire to be perfect at what you do, considering the good returns it brings. But perfection sometimes carries a poor reputation plagiarism, Laryngitis, and writers block.This is especially the self-judgment we impose on ourselves when we find our piece is not of the quality of bestsellers or garnered low reviews.While you may want to become a bestselling author; when starting, strive for progress and with time, harness the power of perfection through edits, second, or third editions. Remember the old saying of how to eat an elephant? One bite at a time.That your first piece never made headlines does not mean the next will experience the same fate.Aim for progress. Perfection is like success, a journey, having no destination: hence the doing is a lot more important than th e result.Here is a broad overview of how to aim for progress:Collaborate with other writers, making relationships with them, whether aspiring or professional.Seek reviews and feedback from beta readers.Find or pay an editor to help bring out your thoughts, ideas, and write more succinctly.Do an activity that will bring more clarity to your writing.Give yourself enough latitude to experiment and maybe fail a couple of times.#9 Writers block doesnt existIt is an excuse us writers use to shot our own feet when writing or publishing a book: then seek comfort in a community or in-crowds ailing of the same.Lets face it one more time: Writers block is a fancy term made up by whiners so they can have an excuse to drink alcohol. Steve Martin.Guess what? You can stop it.How? It often starts with finding the real ailment, some soul searching and admitting to yourself.The other list of things you can do to write without writers block goes here:Make a habit of writing ideas every day.Seek idea s from social media or writing groups.The Time is Now.Check out these story ideas to stir inspirationThese creative writing prompts.Ask your partner or friend for ideas if stuck.Go through some of these creative writing exercisesDo something unique at least every quarter. It can be a documentary, podcast, or something related to the writing you produce.So whats standing in your way from self-publishing? Not excuses, it is you. But we can fix that- here at Self-Publishing School- with a few shifts in the mindset.Ready to get rid of those excuses and get your book DONE?With this training, excuses are not a part of the equation. Basically, we help you work through your biggest excuses in order to achieve your main goal: write and publish your book.

Its a case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Its a case study - Essay Example In the consumer marketing segment, the company has given a guarantee to its customers saying that it would supply any item in any preferred color for five years continuously. So even if a single customer buys a particular product of a particular color, the company is forced to produce that particular product even if it is for a single customer in order to keep up its promise and at the same time safeguard its reputation. The company has got a process based production system which also has certain demerits. The main problem with the process based production system is that two or more jobs undertaken by the production department may come to the same department at the same time. And there is obviously no possibility that the department can work on the same jobs simultaneously. Hence on of the jobs has to be kept waiting. As Focus Plastics Plc., is involved in large scale production, the process based system of production may result in several jobs that may be kept waiting in various departments at different stages. Thus , it is nothing more than a mere waste of time when a major portion of production time actually comprises the time in which jobs are needed to wait for getting processes in different departments and at various stages. Another disadvantage with this kind of production system is that it requires greater employee skill, more employees training, more number of supervisors and complex produc tion control. If we consider the manufacturing system that is being followed by Focus Plastics Plc., it can be noticed that the company has got 24 large injection-moulding machines of different ages. Such machines would definitely need a person with good expertise and at the same time proper amount of training to handle such machines which actually is an expensive task for any organization. Problem 4: The company is also lacking in planning. It was quoted that it had to produce a huge amount of pasta strainers in a particular color which resulted in entire rescheduling along with a waste of one hour's production. This is because of over anticipation of the customers' demand. Problem 5: The company has also got a serious inventory problem. There has been a rapid increase in the inventory of the company over the past 10 years which is evident from the following ratios which are based on the financial information of the company. The major mistake that the company is committing is that it is producing the goods anticipating the customers' demands. But anticipations may or may not be right all the time. If the anticipation is less than the acute value, then the company may lead in to loss of sales. In this case the anticipation is more than the actual value and hence it is resulting in piling up of inventory. Actually, increase in the level of inventory may lead to the product getting outdated because of ageing. Increased inventory may also result in blocking of the working capital and thereby resulting in reduced cash flows. Though Focus Plastic Plc. has considered inventory as a

LEGAL ASPECT OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

LEGAL ASPECT OF NURSING - Case Study Example The physician is reluctant to perform the surgery because of the patient’s recent stroke. However, Mr. Suarez’s adult children are insistent that the surgery should commence. As the main caregivers, they are charged with the responsibility of managing their father’s health condition. It is for this reason they push for the best medical care for their father. In light of the unfolding events, there is an ethical dilemma. The ethical committee should act in the best interest of the patient. Due consideration should be made for the physician’s evaluation. There are few kidneys available for transplant but there are many patients in need of kidney transplant. Unfortunately, many patients have succumbed to death during the waiting period. It is disheartening that there is a worldwide shortage of kidneys available for transplant. Potential kidney donors are living donors or deceased donors. For deceased donors they can either be non-heart beating donors (donatio n is made after cardiac death) or heart beating donors (donation is made after brain death). There has been an increase in the kidney donations made by both living donors and non-heart beating donors, but the donations from heart beating donors have declined. ... Given Mr. Suarez’s cardiac complications, a cardiac evaluation is necessary. Physical examination and history is essential for transplant candidates. Patients exhibiting cardiac failure are highly predisposed to cardiovascular events peri-operatively and post-transplantation (Suphamai &. Danovitch, 2007). Abnormal ECG results would warrant further cardiac evaluation. Mr. Suarez’s age is above 50 years, and a stress test should be administered. However, there is need to appreciate the current critical health state of the patient. Several independent medical experts on kidney transplants should be consulted by the ethics committee. They should give a report of the expected kidney transplant in light of the hemorrhagic stroke. There is need to determine if the stroke is a major risk factor that predisposes the patient to a critical health state. If there is a high possibility of an unsuccessful surgery, Mr. Suarez’s eligibility for a kidney transplant declines. The kidney transplant is for the purpose of saving a life and if there is a likelihood of an unsuccessful surgery, it would not be ethical to select Mr. Suarez as a kidney recipient. Comprehensive information is required on the physical and mental health state of Mr. Suarez. Mortalities are mainly caused by malignancy, infection and cardiovascular disease as they are the main complications arising from immunosuppression in the majority of kidney transplant recipients. The transplant assessment process also requires a comprehensive evaluation of Mr. Suarez’s psychosocial, medical and surgical history (Pham et al. 2010). This evaluation is a challenge for transplant physicians as they have to screen for complex medical issues in potential candidates, and another challenge is the non

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 63

Leadership - Essay Example ccording to Zenger and Folkman, the plan action method works when our leadership performances are not encouraging, hence we ought to apply the action plan method to the issue and try to improve our performances. The approach to change the plans suggested by Zenger and Folkman is also known as the Linear Development Model. This model gives the current performance which determines the performance we desire in the future. The future performance gives our customers and those we lead the confidence in our profession and organizations. (Zenger and Folkman, 2009, p. 196) Secondly, we are educated on how we can approach development. The plans used in this case are the linear plans. The book focuses on helping leaders to change from poor performance to better one. The linear plan is a unique perspective that helps us to change and develop our leadership skills for better performance in the organization. However, Zenger and Folkman hit a warning to us trying to apply exceptional changes on explicit competences. This might hinder our leadership improvement as they say (Zenger and Folkman, 2009, p.217). In conclusion, the above plans suggested by Zenger and Folkman, might be effective and useful perspectives in improving our leadership skills. If well applied, the linear plan and the action plan new insights and approaches to better leadership skills which definitely improve the performance of the

Very Large Telescope and NACO Instrumentation

Very Large Telescope and NACO Instrumentation This report describes the Very Large Telescope array in Chile, the VLT consists of four Unit Telescopes with main mirrors of 8.2m diameter and four movable Auxiliary Telescopes with main mirrors of 1.8m diameter. One of the Unit Telescopes, UT 4, is discussed in more detail, specifically its location, mounting, optics, the range and focus locations and the available instruments. The last part of the report is an example of an observation planning to image the Becklin-Neugebauer (BN) object with the NACO S13 camera and K band filter. Introduction The Very Large Telescope array (VLT) is at this moment the worlds most advanced optical instrument (1), the VLT is located on the Paranal Observatory, see Figure 1, in the Atacama desert Northern Chile (70 ° 24 11 West; 24 °3731 South). The Paranal mountain is probably the best site for astronomical observations in the southern hemisphere, with e.g a humidity of 5-20% and a maximum rainfall of about 100 mm per year. The observatory is divided into two areas, a telescope platform at the top of the mountain at an altitude of 2635 meters. and a base camp at the foot at an altitude of 2360 m. The observations take place at the telescope platform, the base camp contains staff quarters, maintenance facilities, including a visitorscentre for the public. Overview of the VLT The VLT consists of four identical Unit Telescopes (UT) with main mirrors of 8.2m diameter and four movable 1.8m diameter Auxiliary Telescopes, located on the telescope platform, see Figure 2 . The Unit Telescopes are Ritchey-Chrà ©tien telescopes, they can operate in Cassegrain, Nasmyth or Coudà © focus. The four Unit Telescope have an altitude-azimuth (alt-az) mounting (2). The Unit Telescopes have fixed locations, the Auxiliary Telescopes can be repositioned on 30 different stations, the UT and AT telescopes can be used in several different modes: independent telescope mode combined coherent mode or VLT interferometer (VLTI) combined incoherent mode In the independent telescope mode each UT is used separately, in the combined coherent mode the UT and AT telescopes work together, in groups of two or three, to form a giant interferometer giving an angular resolution equivalent to a telescope with a diameter of 200 meters and in the combined incoherent mode the four UTs are combined providing the total light collecting power of a 16-metre single telescope. For the four Unit Telescopes, names of objects in the sky in the Mapuche language were chosen and they are now known as Antu (UT1, The Sun ), Kuyen (UT2, The Moon ), Melipal (UT3, The Southern Cross ), and Yepun (UT4, Venus as evening star). Unit Telescope 4 (Yepun), see Figure 3 is discussed in more detail in the next section The VLT instruments includes large-field imagers, adaptive optics corrected cameras and spectrographs, high-resolution and multi-object spectrographs operating at wavelengths ranging from deep ultraviolet (0.3 nm) to mid-infrared (24  µm). With these instruments important data can be collected for a large range of research topics such as: formation and evolution of galaxies search for extra-solar planetary systems distances to galactic Cepheids circumstellar disks around young stellar objects active galactic nuclei stellar evolution fundamental parameters of the Universe Unit Telescope 4 Optical set-up Unit Telescope 4 can operate in four foci two Nasmyth, one Cassegrain and one Coudà © focus (2), for the optical lay-out, including the eight mirrors (M1 to M8) and the main dimensions see Figure 4. Light is collected by the primary mirror M1 and concentrated by the secondary mirror M2 either to the Cassegrain focus below the primary mirror or to one of the two Nasmyth foci, at the side of the telescope. In the Nasmyth configuration the optical layout is of the Ritchey-Chrà ©tien type, the Cassegrain focus however is not of the Ritchey-Chrà ©tien type, changing between the two foci means repositioning of the secondary mirror and changing the curvature of the primary mirror. By transferring one Nasmyth focus to another location in the telescope basement the Coudà © focus is obtained (mirror M4 to M8), from the Coudà © focus the light can be sent to the combination mode focus or to the interferometric focus. The Coudà © focus is located below the main telescope structure. The primary mirror (M1) The 8.2 m primary mirror of UT4 is made of Zerodur and is 175 mm thick the shape is actively controlled by means of 150 axial forces actuators, the mirror has a central hole of about 1.0 m. .Zerodur is a glass-ceramic made by Schott Glaswerke AG (Mainz, Germany). The secondary mirror (M2) The secondary mirror is a convex hyperbolic mirror made of Beryllium with an external diameter of 1.12 metres and a thickness of 50 mm. By changing the position and orientation of the mirror it is possible to correct some optical aberration of the telescope (defocus and decentring coma) and to change the pointing . The secondary mirror is supported by the M2 Unit at the top of the telescope and reflects the light from the M1 mirror towards the M3 plane mirror The optical quality depends on the mode of the mirror, if the mirror is in the active mode (active optics correction in operation) , the Central Intensity Ratio is larger than or equal to 0.98, with an atmospheric coherence length of 250 mm at a wavelength 500 nm. In the passive mode, active optics correction not in operation, the root mean square (RMS) slope error of the surface of the mirror is less than 0.7 arcsec. The tertiary mirror (M3) The tertiary mirror is flat and elliptically shaped (890x1260mm2), the mirror is made of Zerodur and produced by Schott Glaswerke AG. In Nasmyth configuration, see Figure 5, the M3 mirror deflects the light beams towards the scientific instruments located at one or the other Nasmyth focus. In Cassegrain configuration, Figure 5, the M3 mirror assembly is remotely flipped in towed position, parallel to the axis of M3 Tower. Mirror M4 to M8 ( the Coudà © train) The Coudà © Train is based on a combination of cylindrical and spherical mirrors, the light is sent to the Coudà © Train by mirror 4 (M4) a concave cylindrical mirror in front of the Nasmyth adapter. Relay optics provide an image of the sky at the Coudà © focus, the relay optics consists of the following mirrors: M5 a concave spherical mirror (R = 8975 mm) M6 a concave cylindrical mirror (R = 290,000 mm) , the cylinder direction is rotated by 90 ° with respect to M4 M7 a concave spherical mirror ( R = 5176.2mm) M8 a flat mirror. Technical description The telescope mounting of Unit Telescope 4 (3) is altitude-azimuth (alt-az), the telescope tube moves around a horizontal axis (the altitude axis ), the two bearings which support the telescope tube are mounted on a fork rotating around a vertical axis (the azimuth axis) The telescope tube is a steel structure, supporting at the bottom the primary mirror (M1) , and at the top the M2 Unit, with the secondary mirror, by metallic beams (spiders). Unit Telescope 4 is protected by an enclosure, this enclosure also provides access for operation and maintenance to certain areas of the telescope and a protection against the wind during observations. The telescope is mounted on a concrete foundation, the telescope pier. The geographical coordinates of UT4 are: latitude 24 ° 37 31.000 South and longitude 70  ° 24 08.000 West The structure of Unit Telescope 4 consists of a large number subassemblies and parts see Figure 6 , some of the main assemblies are: the tube structure with the M2 spiders which hold the M2 unit . the fork structure with two Nasmyth platforms that support the Nasmyth instyruments. the Coudà © tube that provides the interface to the Coudà © mirror units. azimuth tracks which support the fork structure. an azimuth platform which provides access for the Cassegrain instrument. Specifications Adaptive and active optics UT4 has adaptive optics (AO) correction both at Nasmyth and at Cassegrain foci, UT4 is also equipped with a sodium laser guide star facility for active optics. For the non-AO telescope operation the Central Intensity Ratio (CIR) quantifies the image quality. A high CIR implies high signal throughput, high contrast and small image size. The peak signal in the long-exposure point spread function is given by (4): Equation where is ta the transmissivity of the atmosphere, r0 the coherent wave-front size, tt the transmissivity of the telescope optics, D the diameter of the telescope and CIR the Central Intensity Ratio. The Central Intensity Ratio defined by : Equation where y0 is the Strehl ratio of the telescope. (Strehl ratio is the ratio of peak diffraction intensities of an aberrated wavefront versus a perfect wavefront). The optical quality specification is that the Central Intensity Ratio CIR = 0.82 with a coherent wave-front of size r0 = 500 mm (seeing angle 0.2 arcsec) at = 500 nm. Field of view The total field of view (FOV) for UT4 in the Cassegrain focus is 15 arcmin, in the Nasmyth focus 30 arcmin and in the Coudà © focus 1 arcmin. Atmospheric dispersion The atmospheric dispersion is corrected up to zenith angles of 50 ° for instruments requiring high image and spectrophotometric quality. Pointing and tracking UT4 is able to get any target to within 70 ° zenith distance in less than 3 minutes. Offset pointing of 45 ° and 60 ° in altitude and azimuth respectively is possible within 35 seconds, to within 0.1 arcsec accuracy. UT4 tracks better than 0.05 arcsec RMS over a period of 15 seconds without using guide-star position information, and over a one hour period when using guide-star tracking. Zenith distance The UT4 can operate at zenith distances ranging from 0.5 ° to 70 °, obstruction by adjacent enclosures is limited to zenith angles larger than 60 °. Instrumentation The instruments that are mounted on Unit Telescope 4 are shown in table 1. HAWK-I HAWK-I is a near-infrared (0,85 2.5 µm) wide-field imager installed at the Nasmyth A focus of UT4 , the operating temperature of the instrument is 120 K, operating temperature of the detectors is of 80 K (3). HAWK-I has 10 observing filters placed in two filter wheels: Y, J, H, Ks , 6 narrow-band filters Brg, CH4, H2 and three cosmological filters at 1.061, 1.187, and 2.090  µm. SINFONI SINFONI is a near-infrared (1-2.5  µm) integral field spectrograph installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4. The spectrograph works with 4 gratings J, H, K, H+K with spectral resolutions of R is 2000, 3000 and 4000, corresponding to the J, H and K gratings respectively, and R is1500 with the H+K grating. The resolution power R of a spectrograph is given by : Equation where c is the velocity of light and dv the radial velocity . NACO (NAOS + CONICA) The Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS) and the High Resolution Near IR Camera (CONICA) are installed at the Nasmyth B focus of UT4. NACO provides adaptive-optics corrected imaging, polarimetry, spectroscopy, and coronagraphy in the 1-5 ÃŽÂ ¼m range. The NACO instrumentation will be discussed in more detail in the next section. Laser Guide Star The Laser Guide Star is an artificial source, a 4W CW Sodium Laser (589 nm) will be used for this. The laser beam is focussed at an altitude of 90 km, at that height an atomic sodium layer is present which backscatters the spot image, producing an artificial star with a magnitude range from 11 mag. to 14 mag. NACO instrumentation Instrument characteristics NAOS NAOS is an adaptive optics (AO) system that has been designed to work with natural guide stars (NGS) and moderately extended sources , NAOS can also use the laser guide star facility (LGSF) and a natural tip-tilt source (TTS) to provide adaptive optics correction (3). NAOS gives a turbulence corrected f/15 beam and a 2 arcmin field of view to CONICA. Two off-axis parabolas re-image the telescope pupil on the deformable mirror and the Nasmyth focal plane on the entrance focal plane of CONICA. A dichroic-filter splits the light between CONICA and the wave front sensor, a field selector is placed after the wave front sensor input focus to select the reference object for wave front sensing, see Figure 7. NAOS has two wavefront sensors one visible light and one near-IR sensor , the two sensors are of the Shack-Hartmann type. It is possible to select an off-axis natural guide star within a 110 arcsec diameter field of view (FOV). NAOS allows wave front sensing with faint natural guide stars and extended objects, observations of very bright objects are possible with the visible wave front sensor using neutral density filters. CONICA CONICA is an infra-red (IR) (1 5 ÃŽÂ ¼m) imager and spectrograph which is fed by NAOS. CONICA is capable of imaging, long slit spectroscopy, simultaneous differential imaging (SDI), coronagraphy, polarimetry , with a large range of plate scales, filters and masks. The CONICA detector is a InSb Aladdin 3 array, the parameters of the array are: format 1026 ´1024 pixels pixel size 27 µm dark current 0.05-0.15 ADUs-1 pixel-1 wavelength range 0.8-5.5  µm Quantum efficiency 80-90 % The detector has three readout modes and four detector modes .The readout modes refer to the way the array is read out, the read our modes are : Uncorr The array is reset and then read once, used for situations when the background is high. The minimum detector integration time (DIT) is 0.1750 seconds. Double_RdRstRd The array is read, reset and read again, used for situations when the background is intermediate between high and low. The minimum DIT is 0.3454 seconds. FowlerNsamp The array is reset, read four times at the beginning of the integration ramp and four times again at the end of the integration ramp. Each time a pixel is addressed, it is read four times. This is used for situations when the background is low. The minimum DIT is 1.7927 seconds. The detector mode refers to the setting of the array bias voltage, four modes have been defined: HighSensitivity, HighDynamic, HighWellDepth and HighBackground. HighSensitivity has the fewest hot pixels, but it has the smallest well depth, this mode is used for long integrations in low background situations. HighBackground has the largest well depth but has many more hot pixels, this mode is used in high background situations . S13 camera CONICA is equipped with several cameras such as S13, S27, S54, the characteristics of camera S13 are; scale 13.221 ± 0.017 mas/pixel, field of view (FoV)14 ´14 arcsec and spectral range 1.0-2.5  µm. Available filters for the S13 camera are broad- and narrowband filters in the 1-2.5  µm region, Information on the broadband filters can be found in table 1. Unit Telescope 4 parameters Example observation planning The observation planning contains the next subjects (5): target scientific goal visibility period of target required observing conditions seeing atmospheric transparency lunar illumination required observing time list of required instruments, modes and configurations Target The chosen observation target is the Becklin-Neugebauer (BN) object located in the Orion Nebula Cluster, coordinates; right ascension (RA) 05h 35 m 14s.117 and declination (D) -05 ° 2222.90, epoch 2000.0, Scientific goal The Becklin-Neugebauer object was discovered as a bright 2 ÃŽÂ ¼m infra-red source (10) by Becklin and Neugebauer in 1967 (11), about 45 in projection from the Trapezium stars of the Orion Nebula Cluster, at a distance of ~ 450 pc. The Becklin-Neugebauer object together with the Kleinmann-Low nebula (KL) is part of the Orion Molecular Cloud 1 (OMC-1) region, a high-mass star formation region in the Orion constellation. In 2004 Shuping, Morris and Bally (8) discovered, at 12.5 µm, an arc of emission associated with the BN object, the so-called BN SW arc. The nature of this SW arc is still unknown, it may be externally heated gas or dust by UV radiation or is possibly a compressed shell created by an outflow or jet from BN. The BN SW arc is an interesting feature that needs further investigations both imaging and spectroscopy at other wavelengths to determine its true nature. Required observing conditions Seeing/airmass Seeing is defined as the image full width half maximum (FWHM )in arcsec ,the seeing values are 0.8and 1.2 at Zenith. Airmass quantifies the effects of all atmospheric processes, these atmospheric effects will be minimum when radiation travels vertically through the atmosphere, in this case z = 1. During the observation period the airmass ranges between z = 1.0 and z = 1.5 see table A, appendix 1, average airmass z = ~1,2. Atmospheric transparency During the observation period there should be no visible clouds and the transparency variations should be less than 2%. Lunar illumination Lunar illumination (FLI) is defined as the fraction of the lunar disk that is illuminated at local (Chile) civil midnight, where 1.0 is fully illuminated. Dark time corresponds to moon illumination less than 0.4, so the best time to observe the target is when the moon is new, see subsection 7.4. Visibility period of target To calculate the visibility of the target I have used the local sidereal time equation: Equation where LST = local sidereal, HA = hour angle and RA = right ascension. RA of BN-object = 05h 35 m 14s.117 = 5.587 hr. , on 21 March RA = 12hr is on the meridian at local midnight. RA = 5.587 hr will be on the meridian at local midnight about (5.587-12.0)ÃÆ'-30/2 = ~ 96 days =~ 3 months earlier . Thus the target will be well placed in November 2011 and December 2011. New Moon is on 25 November 2011 and 24 December 2011, so the best dates to observe the BN- object will be 22-27 November and 22-26 December 2011, see table B, appendix 2. The chosen observation period is the night of 24/25 December 2011, between 22hr and 2hr local time. Required observing time Angular resolution The theoretical angular limit of resolution is given by: Equation where l = wavelength, D = aperature diameter The wavelength of the K-filter is l = 2.18  µm, so the resolution is The resolution however is limited by atmospheric turbulence to where r0 is the Fried parameter. The Fried parameter is directly linked to the strength of the turbulence and it depends on the wavelength as: Equation for average observing conditions, r0 is about 0.6 m at 2.2 ÃŽÂ ¼m. Seeing disk The angular diameter of the seeing disk is Equation so for l = 2.18  µm and r0 = 0.6 m Area of seeing disk: Exposure time Exposure time Equation where: t = integration time r = signal to noise ratio f = flux transmitted by atmosphere fsky = sky background flux a = area of seeing disc A = effective area of telescope UT4 Q = quantum efficiency l = flux of the BN object l = wavelength = 5.510-7 m h = Plancks constant = 6.6310-34 J c = velocity of light = 3.0108 ms-1 The adopted signal to noise ratio S/N = r = 5. The flux transmitted by the atmosphere f = 1.0, see figure 3.2 NACO User Manual (3) The liming sky background magnitude is 13.0 mag (3), the sky background flux Equation Area of seeing disk a = 0.442 arcsec Effective area of UT4 Quantum efficiency Q = 0.85 The magnitude of the BN object corrected for extinction mv = 5.2 mag (11), the extinction in the V passband Av = ~18 mag. (8) so the apparent magnitude of the BN object m = 23.2 mag. Flux /magnitude conversion Equation The flux of the BN object is The exposure time for the BN object is: t = 639 sec. The exposure time calculated with ETC is 122,320 seconds !? , see appendix 4 table D. List of required instruments, modes and configurations The required telescope to observe the BN object is UT4 with the NACOS instrumentation. The NAOS with natural guide star, the CONICA imager with camera S13 and broadband filter K (2.18 mm). The chosen detector readout mode is FowlerNsamp and not Double_RdRstRd because the intergration time is larger than 60 seconds. Guide star id. 0477400932, RA 05hr 35m 16s.41, Dec -05 ° 23 23.0 magnitude 5.00 see table C, appendix 3, Conclusion The Very Large Telescope array is at this moment the most advanced optical instrument and the most productive individual ground-based observatory in the world. The instrumentation programme is the most ambitious programme for a single observatory and because of to the outstanding angular resolution and the use of adaptive optics VLT opens a new era of discoveries. Bibliography/References ESO http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal Giacconi R. The VLT White Book ESO http://www.eso.org/public/products/books/vlt_whitebook/ Girard J. et al. Very Large Telescope NACO Users Manual Do. No.: VLT-MAN-ESO-14200-2761 Date 12-02-2010 http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/naco/doc/VLT-MAN-ESO-14200-2761_v86.0.pdf Dierickx P., et al The VLT primary mirrors: mirror production and measured performance http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/telescopes/ut/m1unit.html de Zeeuw T. Call for Proposals ESO Period 87 30 August 2010 http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/proposals/CfP87.pdf Moorwood A. Astronomical News Report on the Conference Science with the VLT in the ELT Era Held in Garching, Germany 8-12 October 2007 Minchin N.R. et al Near-infrared imaging polarimetry of bipolar Nebulae-I. The BN-KL region of OMC-1 Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc.(1991) 248,715-729 Shuping R. Y., Morris M. and Bally J. A new mid-infra red map of the BN/KL  Region using the Keck telscope  The Astronomical Journal, 128:363-374, 2004 July Sansom A. UVOIR Astronomy AA2053  University of Central Lancashire , 2010 Tan J. The Becklin-Neugebauer Object as runaway B star  ejected 4000 years ago from the q1C system. The Astrophysical Journal Letters  11-12-2001  http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0401552v2 Robberto M. et al The Orion Nebula in the mid-infrared  The Astronomical Journal, 129:000-000  2005 March Becklin E.E., Neugebauer G. Observations of an infrared star in the Orion  Nebula  California Institute of Technology  Pasadena, California  September 12,1966 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967ApJ147..799B Testor G. et al VLT/NACO near-infrared imaging and  spectroscopy of N159-5 in the LMC HII complex N159  Astronomy Astrophysics  469, 459-469 (2007) Appendices Appendix 1 Hourly airmasses for 05 35 14.12 -05 22 22.90 Paranal Observatory (VLT) Sat, December 24, 2011 *** Hourly airmass for Target *** Epoch 2000.00: RA 5 35 14.1, dec -5 22 23 Epoch 2011.98: RA 5 35 49.5, dec -5 21 57 At midnight: UT date 2011 Dec 25, Moon 0.00 illum, 151 degr from obj Local UT LMST HA secz par.angl. SunAlt MoonAlt HelCorr 22 00 1 00 2 31 -3 05 1.502 -118.5 -4.27 22 30 1 30 3 01 -2 35 1.341 -121.5 -4.32 23 00 2 00 3 31 -2 04 1.229 -126.1 -4.38 23 30 2 30 4 01 -1 34 1.152 -132.8 -4.43 0 00 3 00 4 32 -1 04 1.101 -142.9 -4.50 0 30 3 30 5 02 -0 34 1.071 -157.8 -4.56 1 00 4 00 5 32 -0 04 1.059 -177.2 -4.62 1 30 4 30 6 02 0 26 1.066 162.7 -4.69 2 00 5 00 6 32 0 56 1.090 146.5 -4.75 Table A: Hourly airmasss during observation period. SkyCalc provided by courtesy of John Thorstensen, Dartmouth College. [emailprotected] http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/tools/calendar/observability.html Appendix 2 Observability for 05 35 14.117 -05 22 22.90 Paranal Observatory (VLT) RA dec: 5 35 14.1, -5 22 23, epoch 2000.0 Site longlat: +4 41 36.8 (h.m.s) West, -24 37 30 North. Shown: local eve. date, moon phase, hr ang and sec.z at (1) eve. twilight, (2) natural center of night, and (3) morning twilight; then comes number of nighttime hours during which object is at sec.z less than 3, 2, and 1.5. Night (and twilight) is defined by sun altitude Date (eve) moon eve cent morn night [emailprotected]: HA sec.z HA sec.z HA sec.z 2011 Oct 11 F -8 54 down -4 28 2.5 -0 02 1.1 4.7 3.9 3.0 2011 Oct 26 N -7 45 down -3 31 1.7 +0 42 1.1 5.4 4.6 3.8 2011 Nov 10 F -6 33 down -2 32 1.3 +1 29 1.1 6.2 5.4 4.5 2011 Nov 24 N -5 25 5.7 -1 34 1.2 +2 17 1.3 7.0 6.2 5.3 2011 Dec 9 F -4 13 2.2 -0 29 1.1 +3 15 1.6 7.4 7.2 6.1 2011 Dec 24 N -3 05 1.5 +0 37 1.1 +4 19 2.4 7.4 7.0 6.1 2012 Jan 8 F -2 02 1.2 +1 44 1.2 +5 30 6.3 6.8 6.0 5.1 Table B: Observability of Becklin-Neugebauer object SkyCalc provided by courtesy of John Thorstensen, Dartmouth College. [emailprotected] http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/tools/calendar/observability.html Appendix 3 ESO GSC Online Server Query Result Center: RA: 05:35:14.117 DEC: -05:22:22.90 Search radius: 20 arcminutes nr gsc_id ra (2000) dec mag mu d pa 1 0477400932 05 35 16.41 -05 23 23.0 5.00 F; 1.15 150 2 0477400931 05 35 16.47 -05 23 22.8 5.09 F; 1.16 150 3 0477400933 05 35 22.83 -05 24 57.8 5.09 F; 3.37 140 4 0477400871 05 35 17.10 -05 23 40.6 5.51 F; 1.49 150 5 0477400934 05 35 26.27 -05 24 58.2 6.40 F; 3.98 131 6 0477400930 05 35 17.16 -05 23 12.7 6.69 F; 1.12 138 7 0477801369 05 35 54.09 -05 37 43.2 7.09 T; 18.28 147 8 0477400906 05 35 31.37 -05 16 02.7 7.19 T; 7.65 34 9 0477400906 05 35 31.26 -05 16 02.0 7.58 T; 7.65 34 10 0477801369 05 35 53.99 -05 37 42.1 7.74 T; 18.25 147 11 0477400935 05 35 31.33 -05 25 14.1 8.18 F; 5.15 124 12 0477400915 05 35 06.10 -05 12 15.5 8.28 F; 10.32 349 13 0477400809 05 34 46.89 -05 34 14.3 8.30 F; 13.66 210 14 0477400849 05 35 09.73 -05 27 52.6 8.53 F; 5.60 191 15 0477400823 05 34 55.20 -05 30 21.7 9.04 F; 9.27 211 16 0477400867 05 35 58.44 -05 22 31.0 9.11 F; 11.03 91 17 0477400855 05 36 27.09 -05 24 31.0 9.28 F; 18.29 97 18 0477400792 05 34 42.19 -05 07 14.2 9.39 T; 17.10 332 19 0477400894 05 35 34.18 -05 06 20.9 9.45 F; 16.79 17 20 0477400830 05 35 18.12 -05 03 54.5 9.48 F; 18.50 3 21 0477400792 05 34 42.19 -05 07 14.3 9.55 T; 17.10 332 22 0477400890 05 35 31.28 -05 33 08.5 9.74 F; 11.58 158 23 0477400829 05 35 35.71 -05 12 20.5 9.78 F; 11.39 28 24 0477400877 05 35 21.17 -05 09 15.7 9.79 F; 13.24 8 25 0477400812 05 35 00.05 -05 25 15.7 9.85 F; 4.53 231 26 0477400878 05 34 52.14 -05 33 08.1 9.96 F; 12.06 207 27 0477400810 05 34 49.89 -05 18 44.4 9.96 F; 7.04 301 gsc 1.0 25/Sep/1995. ESO/ST-ECF Archive| ESO| ST-ECF| Help| Search Send comments to HYPERLINK http://archive.eso.org/comments/[emailprotected]/Page:/cgi-bin/gsc. Table C: Guide stars Becklin-Neugebauer object

The Movie Industry vs Technology Essay -- Movies Internet Papers

The Movie Industry vs Technology The Internet and the roles it plays in society Since its conception, the Internet has been a huge market for life uses. It provides some of the greatest resources to educate people around the world such as search engines, databases, and an almost endless expanse for innovation. Being a conglomeration of countless numbers of computers allow users to interconnect with each other, making computers a prominent part of people’s lives. Aside from the home uses, businesses have capitalized on it as well. The Internet is essentially a medium through which mass distribution of information and goods can be disseminated. However, â€Å"the Net is no longer just a publishing or an entertainment or a personal communications medium, but rather a fundamental and indispensable engine driving all social and economic life† ( Kline). E-commerce is a big part of the average consumer. Shopping online at sites such as Amazon.com and Ebay.com have provided users with the convenience of shopping without picking up the car keys. With a few simple clicks, a few typing of numbers, the desired product could be at your door within a few days. Other uses are GPS systems, or even a 911-based emergency utility that combines GPS and locates you in time of trouble. This is all provided for by the internet. In light of all these fantastic services that are provided by the Internet, it is without its flaws. Child pornography and piracy are just some of the illegal activity that are present in society today. Filters have been set up in schools and in homes to prevent viewing or downloading of such illicit materials, however that is not enough. With the conception of Napster, the music industry engulfed it, chewed it up... ...anuary 12 - January 18, 2000. Http://www.citypaper.com/2000-01-12/pf/cyber_pf.html 8. Johnson, Bobbie. â€Å"CyberVillains†. The Guardian. Monday May 20, 2002. Http://film.guardian.co.uk/Print/0,3858,4416832,00.html 9. Kline, David. â€Å"The Embedded Internet†. Wired Magazine. October 1996 Issue 4.10. Http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.10/es_embedded_pr.html 10. Nugent, Benjamin and Bennet, Brian. â€Å"Beyond Hollywood’s Reach†. Time. Feb 25, 2002. V159 i8 p56. 11. Olsen, Stefanie. â€Å"Hollywood faces recurring Net nightmare†. CNET New.Com. June 5, 2002. Http://news.com.com/2100-1023-932743.html 12. Sullivan, Bob. â€Å"Hollywood Gets Tough on Copying†. MSNBC News.com. July 12, 2003. http://www.msnbc.com/news/779198.asp?cp1=1#body. 13. Weisman, Robyn. â€Å"Steal This Internet Movie†. NewsFactor Network. Febryary 28, 2002. Http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/16541.html

College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on â€Å"College Uneducation.† Is it possible that our college educationmay â€Å"uneducate† rather than educate? I answer â€Å"Yes.† It is a paradox but nonetheless the truth—the grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher education; else we should not be in the University. At the same time, college education—like all other human devices for human betterment—may build or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years’ humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body. In some aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other features—alas, vital ones!—the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students are being uneducated in college. I shall briefly discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducation, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, there is the all but delirious worship of the printed page. â€Å"What does the book say?† is, by all odds, the most important question in the student’s mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his own reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of frenzy for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is crushed under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data; hence, their capacity for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discuss! Because they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and sophistry rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students surrender their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthright—which is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to form their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and sound reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios. Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little: no undigested mass of learning dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How penetrating his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense! He contemptuously refers to the learned sophists, thus: †Lumabis ang karunungan mo,† which means, â€Å"Your learning is too much.† Professional Philistinism The second manner of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this: most students make professional efficiency the be-all and end-all of college education. They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and excessive specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the cost! We are all of one mind: I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a man’s vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling. Yet how can we expect a; this result from a state of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a mathematical formula? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any systemat ic reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling love of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading Dullness of Modern Life â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever,†Ã¢â‚¬ says Keats. But we know that beauty us a matter of taste; and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is beautiful and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go out into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright specks—their soft fires do not soothe our troubled hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of God’s universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and yet feel not the beatitude of the moment. We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses; still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a life worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is bound to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence. I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect far superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully cultivate the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this selfsame rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of life. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming narrow and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in terms of material wellbeing. Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this tremendous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of values and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation; for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individualformulation of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness. But how can we lay down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is absorbed by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? â€Å"Uneducated† Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagrely educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah! He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence. Unassuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself.† His simple and hardy virtues put to shame the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our social structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils? In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are: (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data; (2) the deadening of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization; and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emphasis on professional training.

buy custom Health Care Professionals essay

buy custom Health Care Professionals essay Caring for a patient with terminal illness is challenging because most of the time the patient is unconscious thus remains a passive recipient of care. Health care professionals and family members are left to decide for the patient yet they do not experience the physical impact of the disease. With a view to the selected incident, two issues that arise are ethical and legal. The rationale of selecting the ethical and legal issues is that Battes (2003) states that they interfere with decision making process in times of a dilemma. Autonomy is one of the ethical principles and it requires that the patient makes decision about the care that he wants (Gedge et al. 2007). In an event where the patient is unconscious, health care professionals compromise autonomy by deciding for the patient or letting the relatives decide. The right of a patient to live is one of the legal issues (Rhome 2004) that arise from the incident. The doctor is faced with a challenge of whether to take the patients life by withholding medications or letting him live and suffer. Legal and ethical issues have an imperative impact on the delivery of care to the patients and carers because they influence the actions of the health care professionals. According to the law, the doctor can withhold treatment and let the patient die peacefully (Cook, 2008). On the other hand, Chantal (2006) explains that it is unethical to withhold treatment if the majority of the people concerned do not feel happy about the idea. For instance, if withholding treatment will annoy the family members, the doctor has no right of doing so. According to the ethical principles, health care providers should supply comprehensive and holistic care to the patient and the significant others regardless of whom they are. Ethics is a way of examining morality. Singer (2010) states that clinical ethics dictate the professional behaviors of health care providers because they issue a framework for decision making process. Ethics in terminal care entail practical reasoning about the management of the patients. Occasionally, the health care provider may find himself in an ethical dilemma because the ethical principles which are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice are in conflict (Matzo et al. 2004). For instance, the patient has a right to make decision but when he is unconscious, it becomes hard for the health care professional to decide who should play that role on the patients behalf. In such a case the health care professional should select a course of actions that he thinks is morally upright. By this, the health care professional can decide for the patient or allow the relatives to make an informed decision. The ethical principle of autonomy dictates that it is a patient who should decide whether he wants to continue living or not. Autonomy is similar to self determination and Thomas (2009) states that every insane human being has freedom to choose what can be done to his body. The focus of autonomy is informed consent and health care professionals should explain to the patient about the disease process, management and outcome so that he can make a choice (Chantal, 2006). In the event where the patient has a cognitive problem the significant others can decide for him. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor explained the patients condition and management to the family members so that they decide on his behalf. The ethical theories of beneficence and non-maleficence guide the health care professionals so that they provide quality care to the patients. Thomas (2009) explains that according to beneficence theory, health care professionals should provide care that is beneficial for the patient while non-maleficence states that the patient should be protected from harm. These theories form the goal of patients management which is to assist them in recovering or reduce suffering and thus prolong life (Gallagher et al. 2007). With the view to the selected incident, the issue that arises is withholding some treatment and life supportive assistance. The patient could not completely benefit from the hospital interventions but he was likely to experience more harm because of lack of treatment at the hospice. That is why the family members were confused when the doctor declared that he was going to stop the intravenous fluids and some medications. The question that comes out from the incident concerns the authority of sustaining or withholding life. Is it a doctor, a nurse, a patient or the family members who should make a decision about withholding treatment? According to Wright (2003), the patient should decide, but if he is unconscious the significant others can decide and the doctor has no authority of imposing forced treatment regimen. Justice is an ethical principle that concerns fair and equal treatment of the patient, the relatives and the significant others (Battes 2003). It states that the nurse should treat every person equally regardless of their social status, culture and disease condition. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse respected the patients relatives by explaining them the patients condition and the treatment plan. The nurses action demonstrates distributive justice. On the other hand, the nurse was unfair in her attempts to withhold treatment and deny the patient his or her right to live. Analysis of Legal Issues In the provision of care, health care professionals cannot assume legal issues since they affect care. Some actions may be allowed by ethics, while being not permitted by the law (Thomas 2009). According to the law, it is forbidden to take any humans life while the ethical principle of autonomy permits it in case of patients request to take his life. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor could not have stopped the patients treatment if he had followed the law that forbids to withhold someones life. According to Wright (2003) the law is minimal ethics because it operates under the values and principles of the society. The law is a reflection of the ideas of the majority concerning specific issue. If the health care professionals are to follow the law, they have to respect the voices of the family members and significant others (Cook 2008). This means that when it comes to matters concerning life and death, the family members and significant others should be given the first priority. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor should have asked for the family members opinion about treatment withdrawal instead of implementing the plan that only afterwards was introduced to them.. Most of the legal issues relating to care of the patients with terminal illness fall under the common and statutory law (Matzo et al. 2004). The court decides the common law and it involves issues like autonomy and treatment withdrawal while the statutory law concerns euthanasia (Thomas 2009). The law limits ethical actions that may be risky for the patient or the family members. Wright (2003) states that the law acts as a framework for decision making process and it helps the health care professionals avoid liabilities. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor could have prolonged the patients life for some days by not withholding treatment since the law states the patients right to live. Rhome (2004) explains that the law provides guidelines for the health care professionals to balance between benefits and harm. Health care professionals should relieve any patient from the signs and symptoms of the disease, inflicting no harm. In the event that the patients relatives doubt the treatment regimen and are worried about the side effects, the health care professional should prioritize the law about harm prevention (Matzo et al. 2004). On the other hand, if the benefit is imperative in comparison to the prevention of harm then the health care professional should prioritize the law of benefits. Witha view to the selected incident, the doctor followed the law of benefits by withholding treatment. This is because being allowed to continue living, the patient could have suffered more. The law provides guidelines that assist the health care professionals in dealing with two harmful situations. If the health care professional cannot compare the danger of prolonged treatment with the side effects of medical care, he should select one action that is less harmful to prevent the occurrence of a more serious harm (Battes 2003). With a view to the selected incident, the prolonging of the patients life could have a negative impact on both the patient and the family members. The patient could have suffered for a long period of time while the family members would continue experiencing psychological and emotional difficulties while caring for him. This is the reason why the doctor decided to take an action with a lesser harm that is to withhold the treatment. How Nursing Practice Can Be Improved In Relation To Ethical and Legal Issues In relation to ethical and legal issues nursing practice can be improved by the application of ethical-legal theories while providing care to the patients and the significant others. The ethical-legal theories include deontology, utilitarianism and natural law (Wright 2003). Although these theories will assist the nurse in making a rational decision while in a dilemma, a moral reasoning is important. Therefore, a nurse should learn how to establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient, so that the moral skills develop (Chantal 2006). Moral skills will assist the nurse in making an ultimate decision about the care of the patient. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have refused to stop the medication if she considered it to be unethical. Utilitarianism is an ethical-legal theory that operates under the principle of making many people happy regardless of the consequences to an individual (Gallagher et al. 2007). Application of this theory to the nursing practice is important because it will reduce the prevalence of self interests. Singer (2010) explains that according to utilitarianism, a nurse should provide quality care because that is what the hospital institution is aimed at. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have provided holistic care to the patient till death because it is in line with the hospital guidelines. By so doing, the nurse could have alleviated the distress that the family members underwent while observing their relation die peacefully. On the other hand, it was ethical for the nurse to stop the medication, having explained the treatment plan to the relatives. This is because the relatives accepted the treatment plan. According to the deontology theory, common sense is important and nurses should perform their duties fairly that is to treat every person with integrity and apply the ethical principles without discrimination (Wright 2003). Ethical principles that are deontological in nature include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficience and preservation of life (Chantal 2006). A nurse should provide services that are beneficial for the patient and avoid any source of harm, preserving his life. Considering the selected incident, the nurse should have provided holistic care to the patient and the significant others because it is her duty. Additionally, the nurse could not have stopped the medication because the theory of deontology states that a nurse should preserve life. The natural law of ethical-legal theory states that an action is morally good if it is in line with the human goals and it does not harm a person (Singer 2010). According to this law, it is unethical for the nurse to refuse to care for the patient. The nurse should help the patient to become independent,providing a collaborative care that addresses his needs. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have collaborated with the doctor and provide comprehensive care to the patient. Withholding of the treatment decreased the patients ability to progress into a different stage of recovery. Potential Barriers The application of the ethical-legal theories in the nursing practice can be interfered by a number of barriers concerning the patient, the significant others, health facility and the health care providers. According to Wright (2003), a patients beliefs, disease condition and financial status can be a barrier to application of ethical-legal principles and theories in the nursing practice. A patient who believes that intravenous medication is the best solution may refuse other treatment modalities. In the event that a certain drug does not have an intravenous preparation it may be hard for the nurse to provide beneficial services for the patient is likely to refuse treatment. In a study done, Singer (2010) explains that approximately sixty eight percent of the patients with terminal illness were willing to allow the doctor to end their lives because of financial difficulties. Many of them preferred to die because they could not afford to support their families financially. This shows that financial inability can be a barrier to application of ethical theories in the nursing practice. For instance, the aforementioned patients can refuse nursing care because they want to die. Lastly, the disease condition of the patient is a potential barrier to nursing practice because it influences the decision making process (Matzo et al. 2004). A patient with cognitive abnormalities cannot make a rational decision concerning his management. In the event that such a patient refuses treatment, the nurse is in a dilemma of whether to force the patient to take medication or follow his wishes and command. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse had to follow the fami ly members commands because the patient was unconscious and could not decide about his care. The patients family members and the significant others can be a barrier to the application of ethical principles in the nursing practice because they influence the management of the patient (Gedge et al. 2007). When a nurse wants to provide a comprehensive and holistic care to the patient and the significant others want the nurse to withhold treatment, it becomes hard for the nurse to apply the ethical-legal theory. Rhome (2004) explains that the culture and social values of the family members are potential barriers to provision of nursing services. For instance, people who believe that the nurse should not administer narcotics to a patient with a terminal illness can interfere with the nursing practice by prohibiting the nurse from administering medication to the patient. The potential barriers to application of the ethical-legal theories that relate to the health facility include lack of enough supplies, the hospital policies and the human resource (Wright 2003). A nurse may want to support the patients life but if the hospital does not have the necessary supplies, it becomes impossible. For instance, lack of protective devices like gloves and masks can prevent a nurse from providing the patient with a quality care. The hospital guidelines play an imperative role in the application of ethical-legal theories in the nursing practice. If the hospital rules dictate that the doctor is the final decision maker in the management of a patient, the nurse is unlikely to provide quality services (Chantal 2006). With a view to the selected incident, the nurse had to withhold treatment yet the nursing ethics states that a nurse should assist the patient until he dies. Finally, inadequate human resource is a potential barrier to provision of nursing care (Wright 2003). For instance, if the nurse is under pressure because of understaffing, she is likely to withhold treatment so that the patient dies and relieves her from the excessive workload. Besides, lack of knowledge about application of ethical-legal theories can be a potential barrier to the nursing prractice (Rhome 2004). A nurse who is unaware of ethical principles is likely to harm the patient in case of a dilemma. Thus, if a patient wants a pain relieving medication while the relatives are against it, the nurse should apply the principle of autonomy and the deontology theory and is to give the patient the medication instead of following the relatives command. A nurse who is not aware of the principle of autonomy and the theory of deontology is likely to follow utilitarianism theory and deny the patient the medication. This will cause harm to the patient as it makes him suffer. Policies and Guidelines that Affect the Ethical and Legal Issues The national, international and local policies and guidelines that apply to ethical and legal issues concern the nursing care of a patient who is terminally ill. The nurse should provide care to a patient who is terminally ill so that he can have control over his management (Gedge et al. 2007). This policy is related to the ethical principle of beneficence and it means that the nurse should not withhold treatment but continue caring for the patient. Cook (2008) explains that the management of a person with terminal illness should be in line with his beliefs as well as the culture. This policy coincides with the principle of autonomy and the ethical-legal theory of deontology. The nurse should respect the dignity of the patient and provide care not discriminating his culture or beliefs. This also means that the nurse should not harm the client because going against his beliefs and culture can interfere with the healing process. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have listened to the views of the patients relatives and act accordingly instead of following the doctors instructions and withholding medication. The nurse should know about conditions like mental disabilities and beware of the side effects of medications that can affect the decision making process of a patient who is terminally ill (Rhome 2004). This policy is important because it affects the nurses choice about the autonomy of the patient. It influences the selection of a person who should decide on the behalf of the patient. The nurse should explain the progression of the disease, the management and possible outcome to the person acting on behalf of the patient ,so that he can make an informed decision (Singer 2010). With a view to the selected incident, the nurse acted ethically explaining the treatment regimen of the patient to the family members. The nurse who is taking care of a terminally ill patient must know the patients wishes as well as expectations regarding his management (Gallagher et al. 2007). The nurse should develop a therapeutic relationship with the patient so that she probes him to express his feelings and thoughts about the disease. By so doing, the nurse will know the patients wishes and expectations. This policy is important because it provides a solution in case the relatives or the health cares wishes are not compatible with the patients expectations. With a view to the selected incident, ethical and legal issues arose, since the patient was unconscious and no one knew either his wishes or expectations. The nurse who is responsible for the patient with terminal illness must know the outcome of the doctors management and document it accordingly (Cook 2008). This means that the nurse should discuss the patients care and progress with the doctor.. This policy is in line with the principle of beneficence and nonmaleficience. When a nurse knows the rationale behind the doctors management, she is likely to provide the service, beneficial to the patient, and avoid harm. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have discussed the patient management with the doctor, so that they explore other possibilities instead of withholding treatment because it was distressing for the family members. It is essential for the nurse to provide palliative care to a patient with terminal illness (Chantal 2006). The care should include physical, psychological, social and emotional support. Physical care involves provision of medication that relieves the distressing symptoms of the disease process. Psychological and emotional care involves counseling the patient about the disease process, so that he comes to term with it. Social support entails talking to the patient and encouraging him so that he does not feel lonely. This policy relates to deontology and utilitarianism theories. According to the deontology theory, the nurse should provide palliative care to the terminally ill patient because it is her duty. On the other hand, utilitarianism theory will restrict a nurse to provide palliative care to the terminally ill patient if many people do not feel happy about the idea. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse withheld treatment instead of providing palliative care because t he majority accepted the outcome. Conclusion In conclusion, ethical and legal issues are imperative in the care of a patient with terminal illness. This happens because they influence the decisions of the health care providers concerning the management of the patient. With a view to the selected incident, the ethical issues that arise are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficience and justice. Legal issues concern the law and they assist the health care professional to make a rational decision when the ethical principles are in conflict. One of the legal issues is the law that prohibits killing and when a patient wants his life be taken the nurse can disrespect his autonomy because the law forbids killing. Nurses should apply the ethical-legal theories in the nursing practice if they want to provide a comprehensive and holistic care to the patients with terminal illness. Recommendations Nurses should strive to know the ethical and legal issues concerning patients with terminal illness by reviewing relevant literatures about the issues. This will assist them in making a rational decision when faced with an ethical dilemma. Battes (20003) states that a nurse who is knowledgable about ethical and legal issues is likely to provide comprehensive services in times of an ethical dilemma than the one who does not know anything about it. Hospital institutions should organise seminars or workshops for the nurses to attend and learn about ethical and legal issues. This is important because as nursing continues to evolve, the legal and ethical issues keep on changing (Rhome 2004). Attending such seminars, they get to know the current practices of taking care of the patients with terminal illness. Nurses should conduct research about barriers to ethical and legal issues and then address the findings accordingly. For instance, if the barrier is understaffing then the hospital should employ more health care professionals. In case of the knowledge deficit, the nurses should be taught about ethical principles and theories. According to Thomas (2009), research enables the nurse to gain more insight about legal and ethical issues. Through research, a nurse can get introduced to the new ways of solving ethical legal dilemmas. This will assist the nurse in providing beneficial services when faced with a conflict. Finally, nurses should educate the relatives about the care of the patient and the outcome. This will assist them in making a rational decision about the patients care in the event where the patient is unconscious and cannot decide. Cook (2008) states that educating the relatives about care of the terminally ill patient alleviates the negative belief and culture that they usually hold. A patients relative who knows about the management of a terminally ill patient is unlikely to interfere with the management of the patient by prohibiting the nurse to provide care because he knows that rationale of the management. Buy custom Health Care Professionals essay